Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction
(HFrEF) are now clearly seen as distinct syndromes.
1
Both, however, present with hallmark symptoms of cardiac failure, such as breathlessness
and fatigue on low levels of physical activity, whose pathophysiology may not exactly
overlap.- Ponikowski P.
- Voors A.A.
- Anker S.D.
- Bueno H.
- Cleland J.G.
- Coats A.J.
- et al.
2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure:
the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution
of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18: 891-975
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References
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 11, 2017
Accepted:
September 1,
2017
Received:
September 1,
2017
Footnotes
Editorial on article by Klaassen et al. entitled “Clinical and Hemodynamic Correlates and Prognostic Value of VE/VCO2 slope in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Hypertension” Journal of Cardiac Failure 2017;23:777–82.
MG is supported by the Monzino Foundation Grant, Milano, Italy.
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© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
