Heart failure is the final common disabling pathway for a heterogeneous set of genetically
and socially-determined causes.
1
It is not surprising that disadvantaged populations both within and across countries
would have higher age-specific rates of heart failure. After all, these populations
are exposed to higher levels of infectious, environmental, nutritional, and metabolic
risks that are associated with heart failure.
2
These risks include household and ambient air pollution throughout life, maternal
rubella and micronutrient deficiencies around the time of birth, Streptococcal disease
in childhood, as well as high blood pressure, tobacco, alcohol, tuberculosis, and
HIV in adulthood. The 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study predicts that the prevalence
of heart failure in low-income countries is between 1.8 times higher (during infancy)
and 1.2 times higher (after age 10) than in high-income countries.
3
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 25, 2017
Accepted:
August 21,
2017
Received:
August 21,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
