Abstract
Background: Although hypercholesterolemia is a well-defined risk factor for morbidity and mortality
in coronary artery disease, the relationship between cholesterol and heart failure
(HF) has rarely been investigated. Methods: Cholesterol and lipoproteins were measured in 1,134 patients with advanced HF who
presented to a single center for HF management and transplant evaluation. Patients
were stratified into five groups based on quintiles of total cholesterol (TC) level,
and differences in patient characteristics and survival were evaluated. Results: Patients with low TC had significantly lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), sodium, albumin, left
ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiac output. The TC quintiles were similar in
terms of HF etiology, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid-lowering therapy at time of
referral. TC, LDL, HDL, and TG each predicted survival (P ≤.01) on univariate analysis, with improved survival at higher levels. After adjustment
for risk factors using a Cox proportional hazards model, relative risks were 2.071,
1.369, 1.391, 1.006 for the first, second, third, and fourth TC quintiles, with quintile
5 as reference. Conclusions: Serum TC represents a novel prognostic factor for patients with advanced HF. Further
studies are necessary to investigate a potential role of low cholesterol and lipoproteins
in the pathophysiology of HF progression.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Received in revised form:
April 16,
2002
Received in revised form:
May 3,
2002
Received:
January 25,
2002
Footnotes
*Reprint requests: Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, UCLA Division of Cardiology, 47-123 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679.
**Supported by the Ahmanson Foundation, Los Angeles, California.
Identification
Copyright
© 2002 Published by Elsevier Inc.
