Journal of Cardiac Failure
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 214-223 , April 2009

Brain Injury in Autonomic, Emotional, and Cognitive Regulatory Areas in Patients With Heart Failure

  • Mary A. Woo, DNSc, RN

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Mary A. Woo, DNSc, RN, UCLA School of Nursing, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702, Tel: (310) 206-2032, FAX: (310) 206-7433.
  • ,
  • Rajesh Kumar, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
  • ,
  • Paul M. Macey, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
  • ,
  • Gregg C. Fonarow, MD

      Affiliations

    • Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
  • ,
  • Ronald M. Harper, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Departments of Neurobiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Received 7 May 2008 ,Revised 26 August 2008 ,Accepted 14 October 2008.

References 

  1. Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Heywood JT. Adherence to heart failure quality-of-care indicators in US hospitals: analysis of the ADHERE Registry. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1469–1477
  2. Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, Howard VJ, Rumsfeld J, Manolio T, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006;113:e85–e151
  3. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, Lura D, Francis GS, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:819–823
  4. Godfrey C, Harrison MB, Medves J, Tranmer JE. The symptom of pain with heart failure: a systematic review. J Card Fail. 2006;12:307–313
  5. Godfrey CM, Harrison MB, Friedberg E, Medves JM, Tranmer JE. The symptom of pain in individuals recently hospitalized for heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2007;22:368–374discussion 6–7
  6. Almeida OP, Flicker L. The mind of a failing heart: a systematic review of the association between congestive heart failure and cognitive functioning. Intern Med J. 2001;31:290–295
  7. Jiang W, Kuchibhatla M, Clary GL, Cuffe MS, Christopher EJ, Alexander JD, et al. Relationship between depressive symptoms and long-term mortality in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;154:102–108
  8. Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H, Dusleag J, Lechner H. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychologic evaluation of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Stroke. 1991;22:195–199
  9. Woo MA, Macey PM, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, Harper RM. Regional brain gray matter loss in heart failure. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:677–684
  10. Stromberg A, Martensson J, Fridlund B, Levin LA, Karlsson JE, Dahlstrom U. Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: results from a prospective, randomised trial. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:1014–1023
  11. Almeida JR, Alves TC, Wajngarten M, Rays J, Castro CC, Cordeiro Q, et al. Late-life depression, heart failure and frontal white matter hyperintensity: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2005;38:431–436
  12. Petropoulos H, Friedman SD, Shaw DW, Artru AA, Dawson G, Dager SR. Gray matter abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder revealed by T2 relaxation. Neurology. 2006;67:632–636
  13. Hendry J, DeVito T, Gelman N, Densmore M, Rajakumar N, Pavlosky W, et al. White matter abnormalities in autism detected through transverse relaxation time imaging. Neuroimage. 2006;29:1049–1057
  14. Radford MJ, Arnold JM, Bennett SJ, Cinquegrani MP, Cleland JG, Havranek EP, et al. ACC/AHA key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with chronic heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Heart Failure Clinical Data Standards): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2005;112:1888–1916
  15. Duncan JS, Bartlett P, Barker GJ. Technique for measuring hippocampal T2 relaxation time. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17:1805–1810
  16. Kumar R, Macey PM, Woo MA, Alger JR, Keens TG, Harper RM. Neuroanatomic deficits in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. J Comp Neurol. 2005;487:361–371
  17. Pell GS, Briellmann RS, Waites AB, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Voxel-based relaxometry: a new approach for analysis of T2 relaxometry changes in epilepsy. Neuroimage. 2004;21:707–713
  18. Craig AD. How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3:655–666
  19. Oppenheimer SM, Gelb A, Girvin JP, Hachinski VC. Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation. Neurology. 1992;42:1727–1732
  20. Holmes MJ, Cotter LA, Arendt HE, Cass SP, Yates BJ. Effects of lesions of the caudal, cerebellar vermis on cardiovascular regulation in awake cats. Brain Res. 2002;938:62–72
  21. Brink TS, Hellman KM, Lambert AM, Mason P. Raphe magnus neurons help protect reactions to visceral pain from interruption by cutaneous pain. J Neurophysiol. 2006;96:3423–3432
  22. Henderson LA, Gandevia SC, Macefield VG. Somatotopic organization of the processing of muscle and cutaneous pain in the left and right insula cortex: a single-trial fMRI study. Pain. 2007;128:20–30
  23. Bernardis LL, Bellinger LL. The lateral hypothalamic area revisited: ingestive behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996;20:189–287
  24. Mignot E, Taheri S, Nishino S. Sleeping with the hypothalamus: emerging therapeutic targets for sleep disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2002;5(Suppl):1071–1075
  25. Boes AD, McCormick LM, Coryell WH, Nopoulos P. Rostral anterior cingulate cortex volume correlates with depressed mood in normal healthy children. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63:391–397
  26. Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Pujol J, Alonso P, Harrison BJ, Deus J, et al. Brain structural correlates of depressive comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroimage. 2007;38:413–421
  27. Squire LR. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychol Rev. 1992;99:195–231
  28. Naismith S, Hickie I, Ward PB, Turner K, Scott E, Little C, et al. Caudate nucleus volumes and genetic determinants of homocysteine metabolism in the prediction of psychomotor speed in older persons with depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:2096–2098
  29. Friederici AD, von Cramon DY, Kotz SA. Role of the corpus callosum in speech comprehension: interfacing syntax and prosody. Neuron. 2007;53:135–145
  30. Antonelli Incalzi R, Trojano L, Acanfora D, Crisci C, Tarantino F, Abete P, et al. Verbal memory impairment in congestive heart failure. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25:14–23
  31. Bennett SJ, Sauve MJ. Cognitive deficits in patients with heart failure: a review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003;18:219–242
  32. Floras JS. Sympathetic activation in human heart failure: diverse mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;177:391–398
  33. Notarius CF, Spaak J, Morris BL, Floras JS. Comparison of muscle sympathetic activity in ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2007;13:470–475
  34. Woo MA, Macey PM, Keens PT, Kumar R, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, et al. Functional abnormalities in brain areas that mediate autonomic nervous system control in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail. 2005;11:437–446
  35. Woo MA, Macey PM, Keens PT, Kumar R, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, et al. Aberrant central nervous system responses to the Valsalva maneuver in heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2007;13:29–35
  36. Critchley HD. Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration. J Comp Neurol. 2005;493:154–166
  37. Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Josephs O, O'Doherty J, Zanini S, Dewar BK, et al. Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence. Brain. 2003;126:2139–2152
  38. Kimmerly DS, O'Leary DD, Menon RS, Gati JS, Shoemaker JK. Cortical regions associated with autonomic cardiovascular regulation during lower body negative pressure in humans. J Physiol. 2005;569:331–345
  39. Rumsfeld JS, Havranek E, Masoudi FA, Peterson ED, Jones P, Tooley JF, et al. Depressive symptoms are the strongest predictors of short-term declines in health status in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1811–1817
  40. Keedwell PA, Andrew C, Williams SC, Brammer MJ, Phillips ML. The neural correlates of anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:843–853
  41. Agid R, Levin T, Gomori JM, Lerer B, Bonne O. T2-weighted image hyperintensities in major depression: focus on the basal ganglia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;6:215–224
  42. Haas BW, Omura K, Constable RT, Canli T. Emotional conflict and neuroticism: personality-dependent activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate. Behav Neurosci. 2007;121:249–256
  43. Marchand WR, Lee JN, Thatcher GW, Jensen C, Stewart D, Dilda V, et al. A functional MRI study of a paced motor activation task to evaluate frontal-subcortical circuit function in bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 2007;155:221–230
  44. Banzett RB, Mulnier HE, Murphy K, Rosen SD, Wise RJ, Adams L. Breathlessness in humans activates insular cortex. Neuroreport. 2000;11:2117–2120
  45. Peiffer C, Poline JB, Thivard L, Aubier M, Samson Y. Neural substrates for the perception of acutely induced dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:951–957
  46. Harper C. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and associated brain damage is still common throughout the world and prevention is simple and safe!. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:1078–1082
  47. Zuccala G, Marzetti E, Cesari M, Lo Monaco MR, Antonica L, Cocchi A, et al. Correlates of cognitive impairment among patients with heart failure: results of a multicenter survey. Am J Med. 2005;118:496–502
  48. Ferrier K, Campbell A, Yee B, Richards M, O'Meeghan T, Weatherall M, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing occurs frequently in stable outpatients with congestive heart failure. Chest. 2005;128:2116–2122
  49. Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Liming JD, Corbett WS, Nishiyama H, Wexler L, et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation. 1998;97:2154–2159
  50. Gozal D, Daniel JM, Dohanich GP. Behavioral and anatomical correlates of chronic episodic hypoxia during sleep in the rat. J Neurosci. 2001;21:2442–2450
  51. Veasey SC, Davis CW, Fenik P, Zhan G, Hsu YJ, Pratico D, et al. Long-term intermittent hypoxia in mice: protracted hypersomnolence with oxidative injury to sleep-wake brain regions. Sleep. 2004;27:194–201
  52. Pae EK, Chien P, Harper RM. Intermittent hypoxia damages cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei. Neurosci Lett. 2005;375:123–128
  53. Caples SM, Garcia-Touchard A, Somers VK. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular risk. Sleep. 2007;30:291–303
  54. Javaheri S, Shukla R, Zeigler H, Wexler L. Central sleep apnea, right ventricular dysfunction, and low diastolic blood pressure are predictors of mortality in systolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2028–2034
  55. Welsh JP, Yuen G, Placantonakis DG, Vu TQ, Haiss F, O'Hearn E, et al. Why do Purkinje cells die so easily after global brain ischemia? Aldolase C, EAAT4, and the cerebellar contribution to posthypoxic myoclonus. Adv Neurol. 2002;89:331–359
  56. O'Hearn E, Molliver ME. The olivocerebellar projection mediates ibogaine-induced degeneration of Purkinje cells: a model of indirect, trans-synaptic excitotoxicity. J Neurosci. 1997;17:8828–8841
  57. Teramoto S, Yamamoto H, Ouchi Y. Increased C-reactive protein and increased plasma interleukin-6 may synergistically affect the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Circulation. 2003;107:E40–0
  58. Gold SM, Irwin MR. Depression and immunity: inflammation and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin. 2006;24:507–519
  59. Bravo Mde L, Serpero LD, Barcelo A, Barbe F, Agusti A, Gozal D. Inflammatory proteins in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with and without daytime sleepiness. Sleep Breath. 2007;11:177–185
  60. Phillips CL, Yang Q, Williams A, Roth M, Yee BJ, Hedner JA, et al. The effect of short-term withdrawal from continuous positive airway pressure therapy on sympathetic activity and markers of vascular inflammation in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:217–225
  61. Ratnasamy C, Kinnamon DD, Lipshultz SE, Rusconi P. Associations between neurohormonal and inflammatory activation and heart failure in children. Am Heart J. 2008;155:527–533
  62. Windram JD, Loh PH, Rigby AS, Hanning I, Clark AL, Cleland JG. Relationship of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to prognosis and other prognostic markers in outpatients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;153:1048–1055

 This research was supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research R01 NR-009116 and by NHLBI-60296.

 Conflict of interest: None.

PII: S1071-9164(08)01044-0

doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.10.020

Journal of Cardiac Failure
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 214-223 , April 2009