Left Ventricular Abnormal Response During Dynamic Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction at Rest

Abstract 

Background

The mechanisms that contribute to limit functional capacity are incompletely understood in patients with preserved resting ejection fraction (HFpREF). We assessed left ventricular (LV) systolic response to dynamic exercise in patients with HFpREF and in patients with similar comorbidities to HFpREF patients but without history or evidence of heart failure.

Methods and Results

Twenty-five HFpREF patients in steady-state clinical condition without significant coronary artery disease and 25 hypertensive controls underwent exercise echocardiography. At rest, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial area, E/A and E/e′ ratios were greater in patients with HFpREF than in control patients, whereas peak systolic mitral annular velocity was lower in HFpREF patients. The exercise-induced changes in LVEF, forward stroke volume, and cardiac output were significantly lower in HFpREF compared with control patients (–4 ± 8 vs. +6 ± 6 %, P = .001; –4 ± 9 vs. +10 ± 10 mL, P < .0001, and 1.6 ± 1.2 vs. 3.5 ± 1.8 L/min, P < .0001, respectively). Exercise-induced changes in effective arterial elastance significantly differed in HFpREF and control patients (0.5 ± 0.6 vs. –0.2 ± 0.5 mm Hg/mL, P < .0001). In addition, 7 of the 25 HFpREF patients developed functional mitral regurgitation during exercise and none in controls.

Conclusions

When compared with patients with similar comorbidities but without history or evidence of heart failure, patients with HFpREF experience greater arterial stiffening and thereby a deterioration of global LV systolic performance during dynamic exercise.

Key Words: Heart failure with preserved resting ejection fraction, exercise testing, exercise Doppler echocardiography